Monaco Flag: Meaning and History

History of the flag
Annexed by Spain (1524-1641) and then France (1793-1814), Monaco regained its independence in 1861 and chose the protection of France.
The principality formalized its flag in 1881 under Charles III.
What do the elements of the flag mean?
The red and white are taken from the Grimaldi coat of arms, on which two monks armed with swords carry a diamond-shaped shield in the same colors.
